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Objective:To observe the effect of cognitive training based on PASS theory on cognition in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Methods:From August, 2018 to June, 2019, 42 patients with PSCI were randomly divided into control group (n = 21) and intervention group (n = 21). The intervention group accepted computer-assisted cognitive training based on the PASS theory, and the control group accepted routine computer-assisted cognitive training, for four weeks. They were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) before and after training. Results:There were 18 patients in each group finishing the trail. After training, the scores of MMSE and LOTCA increased in both groups (t > 8.831, P < 0.001), and increased more in the intervention group than in the control group (t > 2.198, P < 0.05). For the LOTCA factors scores, it increased in orientation, visual perception, spatial perception, motion praxis, visuomotor organization and thinking operations in both groups (t > 2.122, P < 0.05) after training, and increased more in the intervention group than in the control group in visual perception, spatial perception and thinking operations (t > 2.356, P < 0.05), and the differences of visuomotor organization was more in the intervention group than in the control group (t = 2.354, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Cognitive training based on PASS theory can improve cognition for patients with PSCI, especially for visual perception, spatial perception, thinking operations and visuomotor organization.
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Objective To explore the training mode of teachers for rehabilitation residents standardized training.Methods A total of more than 300 directors and key teachers of rehabilitation standardized residents training bases from all over China, who participated in the seminars and key teacher training courses, were investigated.Results The teachers came from most provinces, who were senior teachers. The average score of the base teaching director seminar was 92.6, and it was 88.5 for the key teacher training class. The training content that they desired in the future included teaching methods and teaching skills, teaching ward rounding, training experience sharing, scientific research ability training, rehabilitation evaluation meeting, rehabilitation Three-Basic training, national residents standardized training policy and management, graduation assessment design, rehabilitation base standard and humanistic education.Conclusion The content and methods of training for rehabilitation base teachers for rehabilitation residents standardized training need to be further improved.
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Objective:To observe the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the naming of visual and auditory modality in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Methods:From March to November, 2018, 32 patients with post-stroke aphasia were randomly divided into control group (n = 16) and treatment group (n = 16). The treatment group accepted anodal-tDCS (A-tDCS) over left-inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) concurrent with speech training, while the control group accepted sham-tDCS. Before and two weeks after treatment, they were assessed with Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Picture Naming Test and Environmental Sound Naming Test. Results:One patient was lost in the control group. After treatment, Aphasia Quotient of WAB improved in both groups (t > 5.081, P < 0.001), but the difference before and after treatment was not significantly different between two groups (t = 1.550, P > 0.05); the Picture Naming Test score improved in both groups (Z > 2.650, P < 0.01), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (Z = -2.258, P < 0.05); the object naming score of WAB improved in the treatment group (Z = -3.239, P < 0.01), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (Z = -3.008, P < 0.01); the score of Environment Sound Naming Test improved in the treatment group (t = -4.745, P < 0.001), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 2.224, P < 0.05). The scores of spontaneous naming, sentences complement and reaction naming of WAB improved in the treatment group (Z > 2.191, P < 0.05), while the score of spontaneous naming of WAB improved in the control group (Z = -2.376, P < 0.05), but the differences before and after treatment were not significantly different between two groups (Z < 1.568, P > 0.05). Conclusion:A-tDCS over L-IFG may improve the naming ability of visual and auditory modality, which may associate with semantic or phonetic processing.
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Objective:To observe the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the naming of visual and auditory modality in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Methods:From March to November, 2018, 32 patients with post-stroke aphasia were randomly divided into control group (n = 16) and treatment group (n = 16). The treatment group accepted anodal-tDCS (A-tDCS) over left-inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) concurrent with speech training, while the control group accepted sham-tDCS. Before and two weeks after treatment, they were assessed with Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Picture Naming Test and Environmental Sound Naming Test. Results:One patient was lost in the control group. After treatment, Aphasia Quotient of WAB improved in both groups (t > 5.081, P < 0.001), but the difference before and after treatment was not significantly different between two groups (t = 1.550, P > 0.05); the Picture Naming Test score improved in both groups (Z > 2.650, P < 0.01), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (Z = -2.258, P < 0.05); the object naming score of WAB improved in the treatment group (Z = -3.239, P < 0.01), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (Z = -3.008, P < 0.01); the score of Environment Sound Naming Test improved in the treatment group (t = -4.745, P < 0.001), and the difference before and after treatment was more in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 2.224, P < 0.05). The scores of spontaneous naming, sentences complement and reaction naming of WAB improved in the treatment group (Z > 2.191, P < 0.05), while the score of spontaneous naming of WAB improved in the control group (Z = -2.376, P < 0.05), but the differences before and after treatment were not significantly different between two groups (Z < 1.568, P > 0.05). Conclusion:A-tDCS over L-IFG may improve the naming ability of visual and auditory modality, which may associate with semantic or phonetic processing.
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive and painless brain stimulation technique, can improve cognition and alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease through several mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity, brain network, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic factors, and so on.
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Aging leads to cognitive decline, including memory, attention, language and execution. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder closely related to age. Decreased cognitive function is one of its core symptoms. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used in old healthy adults and AD patients to improve aging-related cognitive impairment. tDCS can improve memory (situational memory, semantic memory and working memory), language, error awareness and attentional functions in the old adults, which were influenced by many factors, such as education levels, stimulation parameters and individual task baseline scores, etc. For AD patients, tDCS may improve their cognitive function, which is influenced by the factors as anatomical differences, severity of disease, stimulation parameters and assessment tools, etc. Cognitive training combined with tDCS can further improve cognitive function in old adults and AD patients.
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Objective To observe the change of the relative concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal cortex during cognitive processing in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to discuss the neural mechanism and changes of working memory function of PSD preliminarily. Methods From February to August,2017,20 patients with PSD(PSD group)and 20 patients with non-depressive(con-trol group)were recruited.NIRSport portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy system was used to observe the change of the relative concentration of hemoglobin in the frontal cortex during the emotional face gender judgment task and"1-back"working memory task. Results Compared with the control group,the change of the relative concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the pre-frontal cortex was significantly lower after the negative emotion faces were presented in PSD group(t=3.872,P<0.001).In the implementation of the"1-back",the change of the relative concentration of oxygenated hemoglo-bin in the left prefrontal cortex was significantly lower in PSD group than in the control group(t=2.475,P<0.05), however,there was no significant difference in the change in the right prefrontal cortex between two groups(t=1.773,P=0.084). Conclusion The prefrontal cortex activity decrease in patients with PSD after the negative emotion faces were present-ed.The left prefrontal working memory function is impaired.The patients with PSD have disorder of oxygen me-tabolism in the prefrontal lobe.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of bilateral movement training on upper extremities dysfunction in stroke patients in convalescent phase. Methods 52 patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into treatment group (n=26) and control group (n=26). The treatment group accepted bilateral upper extremities movement training, and the control group accepted routine neurodevelopment training mainly with affected upper extremities, for 6 weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper-extremity section (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after treatment. Results The FMA-UE and MBI scores improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Bilateral movement training may improve upper extremity function and activities of daily living more effectively for stroke patients in convalescent phase.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlations of dopamine transporter gene (DAT) and dopamine D(2) receptor gene (DRD2) to stuttering.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To examine the correlations of the 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopaminergic gene (C252T, C1804T, and C1820T in DAT gene, and T1054C and C1072T in DRD(2) gene) to stuttering in Han Chinese individuals, a case-control study involving 112 patients with stuttering and 112 gender-matched controls was carried out. Genotyping was performed by a combined approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrosequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>C1804T showed no polymorphism in either the patients or the control subjects and was therefore excluded from the following analysis. The C allele frequency at C1072T site was significantly higher, but T allele frequency significantly lower in the stuttering group than in the control group. The patients had significantly higher CC and lower CT genotype frequencies than the control group. There were no significant differences in the allelic frequencies of C252T, C1820T and T1054C between the patients and the controls, suggesting a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at these 3 loci.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The presence of the C allele at C1072T in DRD(2) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to stuttering in Han Chinese, whereas the T allele provides protection against the onset of stuttering.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Asian People , Genetics , Case-Control Studies , China , Ethnology , Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins , Genetics , Genotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Dopamine D2 , Genetics , Stuttering , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chinese nonfluent aphasic patients experience apparent speech production deficit, but it remains less known in which part of Chinese speech production this deficit occurs. The present study aimed to examine the ability of nonfluent aphasic patients in Chinese orthography, phonological and semantic processing via two experiments. Experiment I disclosed the general pattern of deficit of Chinese nonfluent aphasic patients in speech production. Experiment II tested whether this deficit occurs in orthography, phonological or semantic processing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The present study adopted neuropsychological testing methods to compare speech production and Chinese word processing between nonfluent aphasic patients (the patient group) and normal individuals (the control group). Character reading and word reading tasks were used to test speech production. Chinese radical decision, rhyme decision and semantic decision tasks were used to examine word processing. Reaction time and the correct answer rate were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient group had a longer reaction time and was more prone to errors in both character reading and word reading tasks than was the control group. For the patient group, there was no difference between the reaction time of character reading and word reading, the error rate of the former was higher than the latter. In radical decision task the reaction time and error rate to the radical "mu " were higher in the patient group than in the control group. In the rhyme decision task, the reaction time and error rate to the rhyme "ang" were higher for the aphasic patients. In the semantic decision task the reaction time to characters in the category of animals was higher for the aphasic patients, yet the error rate was not significantly different between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Nonfluent aphasic patients seemingly have decreased speed of speech production and an increased error rate. There is a deficit in phonological processing of aphasic patients while their semantic processing may remain intact.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aphasia , Neuropsychological Tests , Reaction Time , Reading , Semantics , SpeechABSTRACT
@#Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),as a noninvasive technology of measuring human brain function,has been used in neurolingustic research on normal subjects and on patients with brain damage,to investigate the neural basis underlying language processing.Such studies complement and development the classical knowledge accumulated on aphasia,provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of aphasia and the plasticity of recovery from aphasia,and might be helpful to evaluate the capability of language functional recovery and the efficiency of rehabilitative strategies also.